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Citations in the text include the last name of the author(s) and year of publication. Include page numbers when quoting directly from a work or referring to specific passages. Identify subsequent citations of the same source in the same way as the first.
Examples follow:
If the author’s name is in the text, follow it with the publication year in parentheses: …in another study by Duncan (1959).
If the author’s name is not in the text, enclose the last name and publication year in parentheses: …whenever it occurred (Gouldner 1963).
Pagination follows the year of publication after a colon, with no space between the colon and the page number: …Kuhn (1970:71). Note: This is the preferred ASA style. Older forms of text citations are not acceptable: (Kuhn 1970, p. 71).
Give both last names for joint authors: … (Martin and Bailey 1988).
If a work has three authors, cite all three last names in the first citation in the text; thereafter, use et al. in the citation.
If a work has more than three authors, use et al. in the first citation and in all subsequent citations. First citation for a work with three authors: …had been lost (Carr, Smith, and Jones 1962). Later: …(Carr et al. 1962)
If a work cited was reprinted from a version published earlier, list the earliest publication date in brackets, followed by the publication date of the recent version used. …Veblen ([1899] 1979) stated that…
Separate a series of references with semicolons. List the series in alphabetical or date order, but be consistent throughout the manuscript. … (Green 1995; Mundi 1987; Smith and Wallop 1989).
American Sociological Association. 2010. “Quick Tips for ASA Style.”
Washington DC: American Sociological Association.
Retrieved April 20, 2015 (http://www.asanet.org/
documents/teaching/pdfs/Quick_Tips_for_ASA_Style.pdf).
